Scientist and physician.

Educated at Marischal College, Aberdeen (M.A. 1755, M.D. 1765). Professor of natural history, College of William and Mary (1758-64); his students included Thomas Jefferson, who was deeply influenced by him. Traveled to England in 1764 to buy scientific apparatus. Settled in Birmingham, possibly on Franklin’s recommendation, and practiced as a physician and technical consultant to manufacturer Matthew Boulton (1765). Founding member of the Lunar Society.

Son of Reverend James and Lillias Small of Carmyllie, Scotland.