Surveyor and engineer.

Worked as a hydraulic engineer in London. Invented a centrifugal hydraulic engine. Elected to the Royal Society with Franklin’s recommendation (1771). Emigrated to Bergen County, New Jersey, where he worked as an ironmaster (1772). Appointed geographer and surveyor general to the Continental army (1777). Produced a series of maps for Washington.

Born in Scotland. Studied at University of Edinburgh. Married Elizabeth [last name unknown].