Philanthropist and social scientist.

Educated at Bâle and Göttingen. Clerk of the council at Bâle (1756). Founded the Société d’utilité publique de Bâle (1777). Honorary member of Economic Society of Bern and Historical Society of Göttingen; corresponding member of Museum of Paris. Published Über der Geschichte der Meschheit and Philosphische und patriotische Traüme eines Menschenfreundes. Editor of the Ephermiden der Menchkeit.